Multilingual etymological dictionary
These are the uncensored data from the vocab creating software ‘Neogrammarian’.
áa
- Gloss: ‘awl’
- Connotation
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *ál‑as
agná
- Gloss: ‘lamb’
- Ancestor: PWald *agn‑ás
ájra
- Gloss: ‘field, pasture land’
- Ancestor: PWald *ájr‑as
áǰiš
- Gloss: ‘snake, serpent, dragon’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *ághi‑š
álge
- Gloss: ‘calculate’
- Ancestor: PWald *álg‑o
áre
- Gloss: ‘balk (of sails); act/sing in an overly dramatic fashion’
- Connotations
- Pejorative narrowing
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
- Nabokov: The Assistant Producer
- Ancestor: PWald *ðér‑o
ãšš
- Gloss: ‘acorn’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *ā́š‑š
awo
- Gloss: ‘apple’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Slowing narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *áuo
awša
- Gloss: ‘buttocks’
- Connotations
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *árš‑as
awþkhe
- Gloss: ‘err’
- Connotations
- Pejorative narrowing
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *ðéskh‑o
awþkhmej
- Gloss: ‘butterfly’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: The Aurelian
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *ðeskh‑mö́
bẽnge
- Gloss: ‘limp’
- Connotation
- Nabokov: Conversation Piece, 1945
- Ancestor: PWald *khḗng‑mi
bóa
- Gloss: ‘neck’
- Connotations
- Place for material/colour/sound/smell
- Nabokov: Conversation Piece, 1945
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *khól‑as
bolná
- Gloss: ‘scroll > list’
- Connotation
- Nabokov: Conversation Piece, 1945
- Ancestor: PWald *kholn‑á
- Descendant
- ModLem polnà.
bõga
- Gloss: ‘mussel’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Conversation Piece, 1945
- Pejorative narrowing
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *khóng‑a
brĩne
- Gloss: ‘go down in turmoil’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: A Forgotten Poet
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *frī́n‑o
búšdha
- Gloss: ‘alcohol, ‘booze’’
- Connotations
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
- Nabokov: Conversation Piece, 1945
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *khúždh‑a
bhagá
- Gloss: ‘beech’
- Ancestor: PWald *bhag‑ás
bhawdha
- Gloss: ‘beard’
- Connotation
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *bhárdh‑as
bhébhruš
- Gloss: ‘beaver’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *bhébhru‑š
bhére
- Gloss: ‘carry, bear’
- Ancestor: PWald *bhér‑o
bhérmi
bhrabẽ
- Gloss: ‘brother’
- Connotations
- Slowing narrowing
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Ancestor: PWald *bhráthē
bhró
- Gloss: ‘flower, blossom’
- Connotation
- Metonymy (slowing, quickening, concretising)
- Ancestor: PWald *bhró‑s
bhrúa
- Gloss: ‘brow’
- Ancestor: PWald *bhrú‑a
bhúšš
- Gloss: ‘buck(’s horn), type of coin showing buck’s horns’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *bhúš‑š
- Descendant
- ModLem bàh.
dáru
- Gloss: ‘tree, wood (material)’
- Ancestor: PWald *dáru
dã
- Gloss: ‘house’
- Connotation
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dám‑s
dãb
- Gloss: ‘tooth’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dánth‑s
dfó
- Gloss: ‘two’
- Ancestor: PWald *dvó
dõ
- Gloss: ‘arm’
- Ancestor: PWald *dṓ
dhámi
- Gloss: ‘sign’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dhámi
dhéǰo
- Gloss: ‘earth’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dhéǰo
dhẽuš
- Gloss: ‘sky’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *dhḗu‑š
dhóna
- Gloss: ‘grain, seed’
- Ancestor: PWald *dhón‑a
dhugbẽ
- Gloss: ‘daughter’
- Connotations
- Slowing narrowing
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Ancestor: PWald *dhugthḗ
e
- Gloss: ‘in’
- Connotations
- Softening narrowing
- Missing stress!
- Ancestor: PWald *e
efi
- Gloss: ‘upon, near’
- Connotation
- Missing stress!
- Ancestor: PWald *ephi
éǰiš
- Gloss: ‘spike, needle’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *éǰi‑š
éle
- Gloss: ‘mountain elm’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *éle
éšfa
- Gloss: ‘horse’
- Connotation
- Metaphor (strengthening, abstracting)
- Ancestor: PWald *éžv‑as
éþi
- Gloss: ‘blood’
- Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *ési
eþījnu
- Gloss: ‘Ethiynic’
- Descendant
- ModLem eqinà.
fafũra
- Gloss: ‘paper, banknote’
- Ancestor: PWald *pháphūr‑as
- Descendant
- ModLem fafurà.
fawnji
- Gloss: ‘rice’
- Connotation
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *várnji‑s
férdho
- Gloss: ‘flighty, elusive’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Spring in Fialta
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *sphérdh‑o
- Irregularity: nominalisation
féšša
- Gloss: ‘fish’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *phéšš‑as
fẽþkha
- Gloss: ‘fish’
- Connotation
- Metonymy: message for sender
- Ancestor: PWald *phḗskh‑as
fó
- Gloss: ‘door’
- Connotations
- Slowing narrowing
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dhvó
geja
- Gloss: ‘missile, arrow’
- Connotations
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *gö́l‑as
gejlbhuš
- Gloss: ‘womb’
- Connotations
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *gö́lbhu‑š
gejna
- Gloss: ‘woman’
- Connotation
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Ancestor: PWald *gö́n‑a
gejru
- Gloss: ‘skewer, spear’
- Connotation
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Ancestor: PWald *gö́ru
gféšša
- Gloss: ‘birdlime’
- Connotations
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *gvéšš‑a
gfowda
- Gloss: ‘rose’
- Connotations
- Softening narrowing
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *gvórd‑a
gõmmiša
- Gloss: ‘butter’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Scenes from the Life of a Double Monster
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *gō‑slíž‑a
gúlu
- Gloss: ‘poison [also metaphorically]’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Cloud, Castle, Lake
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *gúkhlu
ghádfe
- Gloss: ‘dry earth, dust’
- Connotation
- Place for material/colour/sound/smell
- Ancestor: PWald *ghádv‑o
hlẽmina
- Gloss: ‘Lemizh’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: message for sender
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
- Ancestor: PWald *lḗmin‑as
hrája
- Gloss: ‘berry’
- Connotations
- Softening narrowing
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dhráj‑a
hrẽ
- Gloss: ‘drone (male bee or wasp)’
- Connotations
- Softening narrowing
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dhrḗ
iršẽ
- Gloss: ‘male’
- Connotations
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *íršē
iufĩla
- Gloss: ‘female foreigner’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: First Love
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *iuphī́f‑as
ĩgniš
- Gloss: ‘fire [animate]’
- Connotations
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *ingní‑š
jánu
- Gloss: ‘knee’
- Ancestor: PWald *jánu
jawbẽ
- Gloss: ‘rooster’
- Connotations
- Slowing narrowing
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *jarthḗ
jawna
- Gloss: ‘grain’
- Connotations
- Softening narrowing
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *jarn‑á
jfeja
- Gloss: ‘coal’
- Connotations
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *jvö́l‑as
ǰá
- Gloss: ‘goose’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *ǰá
ǰéxo
- Gloss: ‘winter’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *ǰého
ǰejxuǰa
- Gloss: ‘cuckoo’
- Connotation
- Metonymy: container for content
- Ancestor: PWald *ǰéihuǰ‑a
ǰufẽ
- Gloss: ‘wild beast’
- Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *ǰuvḗ
milīa
- Gloss: ‘honeymoon’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
- Nabokov: That in Aleppo Once …
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *milíð‑a
- Variant: passive or substantivisation
mišdhá
- Gloss: ‘reward, payment’
- Connotation
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
- Ancestor: PWald *miždh‑ás
- Descendant
- ModLem mihdà.
nabũ
- Gloss: ‘European currency unit’
- Connotation
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *nabū́
- Descendant
- ModLem nabà.
námi
- Gloss: ‘name’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *námi
néfi
- Gloss: ‘nine’
- Connotation
- Softening narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *névi
nibbóna
- Gloss: ‘tide [also metaphorically]’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
- Nabokov: A Forgotten Poet
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *nifthón‑as
ňeá
- Gloss: ‘household finances’
- Connotations
- Softening narrowing
- Nabokov: Lance
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *dhmel‑á
óþbia
- Gloss: ‘strange lands’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: content for container
- Pejorative narrowing
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Ancestor: PWald *ósthi‑a
õa
- Gloss: ‘tube, flute’
- Connotation
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *ṓl‑as
õi
- Gloss: ‘my’
- Connotations
- Missing stress!
- Nabokov: Mademoiselle O
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *mai
õlkhoa
- Gloss: ‘giraffe’
- Connotation
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *ōl‑khól‑as
rébe
- Gloss: ‘steer’
- Connotations
- Metonymy (strengthening, pejorative, concretising)
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Ancestor: PWald *réth‑o
refkhõga
- Gloss: ‘turtle’
- Connotation
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *rephkhóng‑as
šawgha
- Gloss: ‘gravel’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Metaphor (melioration, abstracting)
- Ancestor: PWald *šárkh‑a
šawna
- Gloss: ‘horn’
- Connotation
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *šarn‑ás
šawnkha
- Gloss: ‘clean, tidy’
- Connotations
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Ancestor: PWald *šárnkh‑as
šĩba
- Gloss: ‘hundred’
- Connotations
- Pejorative narrowing / Metonymy (pejorative, strengthening, abstracting)
- Softening narrowing
- Nabokov: Time and Ebb
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *žimthá
šthénu
- Gloss: ‘[Ethiynic physicist]’
- Descendant
- ModLem htenà.
theõ
- Gloss: ‘twin’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Mademoiselle O
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *thém‑as
thẽmma
- Gloss: ‘evil twin, freak’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Scenes from the Life of a Double Monster
- Pejorative narrowing
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *them‑sl‑ás
thufẽþkha
- Gloss: ‘dolphin’
- Ancestor: PWald *thuphḗskh‑as
þejfa
- Gloss: ‘tar’
- Connotations
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Metonymy: container for content
- Ancestor: PWald *sélph‑a
þgfáa
- Gloss: ‘boat, ship’
- Connotations
- Metaphor (melioration, abstracting)
- Nabokov: Lance
- Ancestor: PWald *sgvál‑a
þnawghe
- Gloss: ‘tie, moor’
- Connotations
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Metaphor (melioration, abstracting)
- Ancestor: PWald *snárkh‑o
þnejxa
- Gloss: ‘something conserved or preserved’
- Connotation
- Metonymy: container for content
- Ancestor: PWald *snéih‑a
- Descendant
- ModLem qnexà.
þnĩgfa
- Gloss: ‘snow’
- Connotation
- Pejorative narrowing
- Ancestor: PWald *sníngv‑a
þú
- Gloss: ‘she’
- Connotations
- Nabokov: Signs and Symbols
- Proto-Waldaiic > Ethiynic not finished yet!
- Ancestor: PWald *sī́