lemÌc. Lemizh grammar and dictionary

Multilingual etymological dictionary

These are the uncensored data from the vocab creating software ‘Neogrammarian’.

*agn‑ás

Gloss: ‘lamb’
Ancestor: PIE *h₂egʷn‑ós
Descendant
- Eth agná

*ághi‑š

Gloss: ‘snake, serpent, dragon’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ógʷʰi‑s
Descendant
- Eth áǰiš

*ájr‑as

Gloss: ‘field, pasture land’
Ancestor: PIE *h₂ég̑r‑os
Descendant
- Eth ájra

*ál‑as

Gloss: ‘awl’
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ól‑os
Descendant
- Eth áa

*álg‑o

Gloss: ‘calculate’
Ancestor: OLem alg‑
Variant: [verb]
Descendant
- Eth álge

*árš‑as

Gloss: ‘buttocks’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *h₁órs‑os
Descendant
- Eth awša

*áuo

Gloss: ‘apple’
Connotations
- Metonymy: effect/purpose for cause/motive
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₂ébōl
Descendant
- Eth awo

*ā́š‑š

Gloss: ‘acorn’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *h₂éi̯g̑‑s
Descendant
- Eth ãšš

*bhag‑ás

Gloss: ‘beech’
Ancestor: PIE *bʰeh₂g‑ós
Descendant
- Eth bhagá

*bhárdh‑as

Gloss: ‘beard’
Ancestor: PIE *bʰárdʰ‑os
Descendant
- Eth bhawdha

*bhébhru‑š

Gloss: ‘beaver’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *bʰébʰru‑s
Descendant
- Eth bhébhruš

*bhérmi

Gloss: ‘debt’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *bʰér‑mn̥
Descendant
- Eth bhérmi

*bhér‑o

Gloss: ‘carry, bear’
Ancestor: PIE *bʰer‑
Variant: full-grade thematic present
Descendant
- Eth bhére

*bhráthē

Gloss: ‘brother’
Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *bʰréh₂ter‑s
Descendant
- Eth bhrabẽ

*bhró‑s

Gloss: ‘flower, blossom’
Connotation
- Metonymy (slowing, quickening, concretising)
Ancestor: PIE *bʰléh₃‑s
Descendant
- Eth bhró

*bhrú‑a

Gloss: ‘brow’
Ancestor: PIE *bʰrúh₁‑eh₂
Descendant
- Eth bhrúa

*bhúš‑š

Gloss: ‘buck(’s horn)’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *bʰúg̑‑s
Descendant
- Eth bhúšš

*dám‑s

Gloss: ‘house’
Ancestor: PIE *dómh₂‑s
Descendant
- Eth dã

*dánth‑s

Gloss: ‘tooth’
Ancestor: PIE *h̥₁d‑ónt‑s
Descendant
- Eth dãb

*dáru

Gloss: ‘tree, wood (material)’
Ancestor: PIE *dóru
Descendant
- Eth dáru

*de

Gloss: ‘and [connecting sentences]’
Ancestor: PIE *de

*dṓ

Gloss: ‘arm’
Ancestor: PIE *dóu̯‑s
Descendant
- Eth dõ

*dvó

Gloss: ‘two’
Ancestor: PIE *du̯óh₁
Descendant
- Eth dfó

*dhámi

Gloss: ‘sign’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰi̯éh₂‑mn̥
Descendant
- Eth dhámi

*dhéǰo

Gloss: ‘earth’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰég̑ʰ‑om‑s
Descendant
- Eth dhéǰo

*dhḗu‑š

Gloss: ‘sky’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *di̯ḗu‑s
Descendant
- Eth dhẽuš

*dhmel‑á

Gloss: ‘family, household’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰh̥₁‑mel‑óm
Descendant
- Eth ňeá

*dhón‑a

Gloss: ‘grain, seed’
Ancestor: PIE *dʰóh₁n‑eh₂
Descendant
- Eth dhóna

*dhráj‑a

Gloss: ‘berry’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰréh₂g̑‑om
Descendant
- Eth hrája

*dhrḗ

Gloss: ‘drone (male bee or wasp)’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰrḗn‑s
Descendant
- Eth hrẽ

*dhugthḗ

Gloss: ‘daughter’
Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰugh₂tér‑s
Descendant
- Eth dhugbẽ

*dhvó

Gloss: ‘door’
Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dʰu̯ór‑s
Descendant
- Eth fó

*ðér‑o

Gloss: ‘balk (of sails)’
Connotations
- Pejorative narrowing
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
Ancestor: OLem dher‑
Variant: [verb]
Descendant
- Eth áre

*ðeskh‑mö́

Gloss: ‘butterfly’
Constituents: PWald *ðéskh‑o + *mö́
Variant: compound
Descendant
- Eth awþkhmej

*ðéskh‑o

Gloss: ‘err’
Connotations
- Pejorative narrowing
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
Ancestor: OLem dhesk‑
Variant: [verb]
Descendants
- PWald *ðeskh‑mö́
- Eth awþkhe

*e

Gloss: ‘in’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₁en
Descendant
- Eth e

*éǰi‑š

Gloss: ‘spike, needle’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ég̑ʰi‑s
Descendant
- Eth éǰiš

*éle

Gloss: ‘mountain elm’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₁élem
Descendant
- Eth éle

*ephi

Gloss: ‘upon, near’
Ancestor: PIE *h₁epi
Descendant
- Eth efi

*ési

Gloss: ‘blood’
Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ésh₂r̥
Descendant
- Eth éþi

*éžv‑as

Gloss: ‘horse’
Connotation
- Metaphor (strengthening, abstracting)
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ék̑u̯‑os
Descendant
- Eth éšfa

*frī́n‑o

Gloss: ‘churn (of the sea)’
Ancestor: OLem frīn‑
Variant: [verb]
Descendant
- Eth brĩne

*gṓ

Gloss: ‘cow’
Ancestor: PIE *gʷóu̯‑s
Descendant
- PWald *gō‑slíž‑a

*gō‑slíž‑a

Gloss: ‘butter fom cows’ milk’
Constituents: PWald *gṓ + *slíž‑a
Variant: compound
Descendant
- Eth gõmmiša

*gö́l‑as

Gloss: ‘missile, arrow’
Connotation
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
Ancestor: PIE *gʷélh₁‑os
Descendant
- Eth geja

*gö́lbhu‑š

Gloss: ‘womb’
Connotations
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *gʷélbʰu‑s
Descendant
- Eth gejlbhuš

*gö́n‑a

Gloss: ‘woman’
Connotation
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
Ancestor: PIE *gʷén‑eh₂
Descendant
- Eth gejna

*gö́ru

Gloss: ‘skewer, spear’
Connotation
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
Ancestor: PIE *gʷéru
Descendant
- Eth gejru

*gúkhlu

Gloss: ‘antimony [from Akkadian]’
Descendant
- Eth gúlu

*gvéšš‑a

Gloss: ‘birdlime’
Connotations
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *u̯éi̯k̑s‑eh₂
Descendants
- OLem gweshsh‑
- Eth gféšša

*gvórd‑a

Gloss: ‘rose’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *u̯ŕ̥d‑om
Descendants
- OLem gword‑
- Eth gfowda

*ghádv‑o

Gloss: ‘dry earth, dust’
Connotation
- Place for material/colour/sound/smell
Ancestor: PIE *gʰód‑u̯‑eh₂
Descendant
- Eth ghádfe

*ingní‑š

Gloss: ‘fire [animate]’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *h₁n̥gʷní‑s
Descendant
- Eth ĩgniš

*íršē

Gloss: ‘male’
Connotations
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ŕ̥s‑en‑s
Descendant
- Eth iršẽ

*iuphī́f‑as

Gloss: ‘foreigner’
Ancestor: OLem jüpīf‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth iufĩla

*jánu

Gloss: ‘knee’
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ónu
Descendant
- Eth jánu

*jarn‑á

Gloss: ‘grain’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *g̑r̥h₂‑n‑óm
Descendant
- Eth jawna

*jarthḗ

Gloss: ‘rooster’
Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *g̑r̥‑tér‑s
Descendant
- Eth jawbẽ

*jvö́l‑as

Gloss: ‘coal’
Connotation
- Time for material/colour/sound/smell
Ancestor: PIE *g̑u̯élh₁‑os
Descendant
- Eth jfeja

*ǰá

Gloss: ‘goose’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ʰh₂én‑s
Descendant
- Eth ǰá

*ǰého

Gloss: ‘winter’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ʰéi̯om‑s
Descendant
- Eth ǰéxo

*ǰéihuǰ‑a

Gloss: ‘cuckoo’
Connotation
- Metonymy: container for content
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ʰégʰug̑ʰ‑eh₂
Descendant
- Eth ǰejxuǰa

*ǰuvḗ

Gloss: ‘wild beast’
Connotation
- Slowing narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ʰu̯ér‑s
Variant: Lindeman’s variant
Descendant
- Eth ǰufẽ

*khḗng‑mi

Gloss: ‘limp’
Ancestor: PIE *keng‑
Variant: Narten present
Descendant
- Eth bẽnge

*khól‑as

Gloss: ‘neck’
Connotation
- Place for material/colour/sound/smell
Ancestor: PIE *kʷólh₁‑os
Descendants
- PWald *ōl‑khól‑as
- Eth bóa

*kholn‑á

Gloss: ‘roll, cylinder’
Ancestor: PWald *kholnḗ‑mi
Irregularity: nominalisation
Descendant
- Eth bolná

*kholnḗ‑mi

Gloss: ‘turn, roll’
Ancestor: PIE *kʷelh₁‑
Variant: nasal-infix present
Descendant
- PWald *kholn‑á

*khóng‑a

Gloss: ‘mussel’
Ancestor: OLem konggh‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Eth bõga

*khúždh‑a

Gloss: ‘(hidden) treasure’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
Ancestor: PIE *kúsdʰh₁‑eh₂
Descendant
- Eth búšdha

*lḗmin‑as

Gloss: ‘Lemizh’
Connotations
- Metonymy: message for sender
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
Ancestor: OLem lēmin‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth hlẽmina

*mai

Gloss: ‘my, me [enclitic]’
Ancestor: PIE *moi
Descendant
- Eth õi

*milíð‑a

Gloss: ‘sweet’
Connotation
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
Ancestor: OLem milidh‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Eth milīa

*miždh‑ás

Gloss: ‘reward, payment’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (strong whole)
Ancestor: PIE *mis‑dʰ‑ós
Descendant
- Eth mišdhá

*mö́

Gloss: ‘fly’
Ancestor: PIE *méu̯‑s
Descendant
- PWald *ðeskh‑mö́

*nabū́

Gloss: ‘God of literacy and wisdom’
Descendant
- Eth nabũ

*námi

Gloss: ‘name’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₁nómn̥
Descendant
- Eth námi

*névi

Gloss: ‘nine’
Connotation
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *h₁néu̯n̥
Descendant
- Eth néfi

*nifthón‑as

Gloss: ‘tide [also metaphorically]’
Connotation
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
Ancestor: OLem nifton‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth nibbóna

*ósthi‑a

Gloss: ‘strange lands’
Connotations
- Metonymy: content for container
- Pejorative narrowing
Ancestor: OLem ghostxj‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Eth óþbia

*ṓl‑as

Gloss: ‘tube, flute’
Ancestor: PIE *h₂éu̯l‑os
Descendants
- PWald *ōl‑khól‑as
- Eth õa

*ōl‑khól‑as

Gloss: ‘giraffe’
Constituents: PWald *ṓl‑as + *khól‑as
Variant: compound
Descendants
- EHell *ōlkhóla‑s
- Eth õlkhoa

*pháphūr‑as

Gloss: ‘papyrus’
Ancestor: EHell *pápūr‑os
Descendant
- Eth fafũra

*phéšš‑as

Gloss: ‘fish’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: PIE *péi̯sk̑‑os
Descendant
- Eth féšša

*phḗskh‑as

Gloss: ‘fish’
Connotation
- Metonymy: message for sender
Ancestor: OLem pēsk‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth fẽþkha

*rephkhóng‑as

Gloss: ‘turtle’
Ancestor: OLem rep‑konggh‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth refkhõga

*réth‑o

Gloss: ‘steer’
Connotation
- Metonymy (strengthening, pejorative, concretising)
Ancestor: OLem ret‑
Variant: [verb]
Descendant
- Eth rébe

*rudhr‑ás

Gloss: ‘red’
Ancestor: PIE *h₁reu̯dʰ‑
Variant: r-stem adjective

*sélph‑a

Gloss: ‘tar’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: OLem thelp‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Eth þejfa

*sgvál‑a

Gloss: ‘boat’
Connotation
- Metaphor (melioration, abstracting)
Ancestor: OLem sgwal‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Eth þgfáa

*sī́

Gloss: ‘she’
Ancestor: PIE *sih₂
Descendant
- Eth þú

*slíž‑a

Gloss: ‘butter’
Ancestor: OLem slizh‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- PWald *gō‑slíž‑a

*sl‑ó

Gloss: ‘dwell, stay’
Ancestor: PIE *sel‑
Variant: zero-grade thematic present
Descendant
- PWald *them‑sl‑ás

*snárkh‑o

Gloss: ‘tie, moor’
Ancestor: OLem snark‑
Variant: [verb]
Descendant
- Eth þnawghe

*snéih‑a

Gloss: ‘preserved food’
Connotation
- Metonymy: container for content
Ancestor: PIE *snei̯gʷʰ‑
Variant: full-grade thematic present
Irregularity: nominalisation
Descendant
- Eth þnejxa

*sníngv‑a

Gloss: ‘snow’
Ancestor: OLem sningw‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Eth þnĩgfa

*sphérdh‑o

Gloss: ‘run away, flee’
Ancestor: PIE *sperdʰ‑
Variant: full-grade thematic present
Descendant
- Eth férdho

*šárkh‑a

Gloss: ‘gravel’
Ancestor: PIE *k̑órk‑eh₂
Descendants
- OLem shark‑
- EHell *sárkh‑ā
- Eth šawgha

*šarn‑ás

Gloss: ‘horn’
Ancestor: PIE *k̑r̥h₂n‑ós
Descendant
- Eth šawna

*šárnkh‑as

Gloss: ‘clean, tidy’
Connotation
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: OLem sharnk‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth šawnkha

*thém‑as

Gloss: ‘twin’
Ancestor: PIE *i̯émh₂‑os
Descendants
- PWald *them‑sl‑ás
- Eth theõ

*them‑sl‑ás

Gloss: ‘twin’
Constituents: PWald *thém‑as + *sl‑ó
Variant: clarifying compound
Descendant
- Eth thẽmma

*thuphḗskh‑as

Gloss: ‘dolphin’
Ancestor: OLem tüpēsk‑
Variant: [masculine nominal]
Descendant
- Eth thufẽþkha

*várnji‑s

Gloss: ‘rice’
Descendants
- OLem warndzi‑
- Eth fawnji

*žimthá

Gloss: ‘hundred’
Connotations
- Pejorative narrowing / Metonymy (pejorative, strengthening, abstracting)
- Softening narrowing
Ancestor: PIE *dk̑m̥tóm
Descendant
- Eth šĩba