lemÌc. Lemizh grammar and dictionary

Multilingual etymological dictionary

These are the uncensored data from the vocab creating software ‘Neogrammarian’.

*ákmōn

Gloss: ‘anvil, meteoritic stone’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₂ék̑‑mon‑s
Descendant
- Koi ἄγμων

*ákr‑os

Gloss: ‘sharp’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₂ek̑‑
Variant: r-stem adjective
Descendant
- Koi ἄκρ‑ος

*aq̌n‑ós

Gloss: ‘lamb’
Ancestor: PIE *h₂egʷn‑ós
Descendants
- Koi ἀμν‑ός
- OTroy αυν‑ος /ˈaunos/

*au

Gloss: ‘again, but, however’
Ancestor: PIE *h₂eu̯

*aul‑ós

Gloss: ‘tube, flute, pipe’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₂éu̯l‑os
Descendant
- Koi αὐλ‑ός

*awḗr

Gloss: ‘air, wind’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₂u̯éh₁‑r
Descendant
- Koi ἀήρ

*dárdan‑os

Gloss: ‘a mythological city on the Hellespont’
Descendant
- OTroy δαρδαν‑ος /ð̞arˈð̞a͜unos/

*de

Gloss: ‘but, however [connecting sentences]’
Ancestor: PIE *de
Descendant
- Koi δέ

*dé‑ō

Gloss: ‘bind’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *deh₁‑
Variant: zero-grade i̯é-present
Descendant
- Koi δέ‑ω

*dóru

Gloss: ‘wood, tree’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *dóru
Descendants
- Koi δόρυ
- OTroy δορυ /ˈð̞o͜uru/

*dõ

Gloss: ‘house’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *dómh₂‑s
Descendants
- Koi δῶμα
- OTroy δο /ð̞o/

*dwis

Gloss: ‘twice’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *du̯is
Descendants
- EHell *dwisa‑
- Koi δίς

*dwisa‑

Gloss: ‘through, across, by, over’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: EHell *dwis
Irregularity: prefix derivation
Descendant
- Koi δια‑

*dyū

Gloss: ‘you [plural]’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *i̯uh₁
Descendant
- OTroy ϲ̣ι /hʷi/

*egṓ

Gloss: ‘I’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₁eg̑óh₂
Descendants
- Koi ἐγώ
- OTroy εγο /ˈe͜aɰo/

*eléphan‑s

Gloss: ‘elephant’
Irregularity: probably from an Afro-Asiatic language
Descendant
- Koi ἐλέφᾱ‑ς

*emq̌ol‑ā́

Gloss: ‘thrust, battering ram’

*en

Gloss: ‘in’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₁en
Descendants
- EHell *en‑q̌ĺ̥l‑ō
- EHell *én‑tom‑on

*en‑q̌ĺ̥l‑ō

Gloss: ‘throw in’
Constituents: EHell *en + *q̌ĺ̥l‑ō
Variant: compound
Descendant
- Koi ἐμβάλλ‑ω

*én‑tom‑on

Gloss: ‘insect’
Constituents: EHell *en + *tm̥n‑ō
Variant: compound
Irregularity: nominalisation
Descendant
- Koi ἔντομ‑ον

*eurṓp‑ā

Gloss: ‘Europa’
Descendant
- Koi εὐρώπ‑η

*gém‑ō

Gloss: ‘be full(y loaded)’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gem‑
Variant: full-grade thematic present
Descendant
- EHell *góm‑os

*góm‑os

Gloss: ‘cargo’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: EHell *gém‑ō
Irregularity: nominalisation
Descendant
- Koi γόμ‑ος

*gónu

Gloss: ‘knee’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ónu
Descendant
- Koi γόνυ

*gráph‑ō

Gloss: ‘carve, notch’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gerbʰ‑
Variant: root present
Descendant
- Koi γράφ‑ω

*hál‑s

Gloss: ‘salt’
Descendant
- OTroy ϲαλ /hal/

*héry‑ō

Gloss: ‘link, bind together’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *ser‑
Variant: full-grade i̯e-present
Descendant
- Koi εἴρ‑ω

*híqq‑os

Gloss: ‘horse’
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ék̑u̯‑os
Irregularity: unexplained reflex
Descendants
- Koi ἵππ‑ος
- OTroy ϲιϙϙ‑ος /ˈhikkos/

*huper

Gloss: ‘over, above’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *uper
Descendants
- Koi ὑπερ
- OTroy ϲ̣ιπερ /ˈhʷe͜iber/

*hupo

Gloss: ‘below’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *upo
Descendant
- Koi ὑπο

*kámēl‑os

Gloss: ‘camel’
Irregularity: from an old Semitic word
Descendant
- Koi κάμηλ‑ος

*kẽt‑os

Gloss: ‘whale, sea monster’
Descendants
- Koi κῆτ‑ος
- OTroy κητ‑ος /ˈɡeːdos/

*koní‑ā

Gloss: ‘dust, plaster (for coating walls)’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *kón‑os
Descendant
- Koi κονί‑ᾱ

*kónkh‑ā

Gloss: ‘mussel’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *kóngʰ‑eh₂
Descendant
- Koi κόγχ‑η

*kr̥dí‑ā

Gloss: ‘heart’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *k̑r̥dí‑eh₂
Descendant
- Koi καρδί‑ᾱ

*kheī́r

Gloss: ‘hand’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Cohyponymic transfer: obscure for familiar thing (pejorative)
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ʰés‑or‑s
Descendant
- Koi χείρ

*khósti‑s

Gloss: ‘stranger, foreigner’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gʰósth₂i‑s
Descendant
- OTroy χοστι‑ς /ˈxosdis/

*leũ‑on

Gloss: ‘lion’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *léu̯‑om
Descendant
- OLem lew‑

*mā́tēr

Gloss: ‘mother’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *méh₂ter‑s
Descendant
- Koi μήτηρ

*méli

Gloss: ‘honey’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Pejorative narrowing
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *mélid
Descendant
- Koi μέλι

*melilíkhi‑ā

Gloss: ‘bee’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *melidlíg̑ʰ‑i‑eh₂
Descendant
- Koi μέλισσ‑α

*mē

Gloss: ‘don’t’
Ancestor: PIE *mē
Descendant
- Koi μή

*mūs

Gloss: ‘mouse’
Ancestor: PIE *múh₂s
Descendant
- OTroy μῡς /muːs/

*m̥q̌elph‑ós

Gloss: ‘brother’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Cohyponymic transfer: obscure for familiar thing (pejorative)
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *sm̥‑gʷelbʰ‑ós
Descendants
- Koi ἀδελφ‑ός
- OTroy ευϲελφ‑ος /euˈhelfos/

*nu

Gloss: ‘and [connecting sentences]’
Ancestor: PIE *nu

*n̥‑

Gloss: ‘un-’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *n̥‑
Variant: root present
Descendant
- Koi ἀ‑

*óqhi‑s

Gloss: ‘snake, serpent’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *h₁ógʷʰi‑s
Descendants
- Koi ὄφι‑ς
- OTroy οϲ̣ι‑ς /ˈo͜uhʷis/

*ōlkhóla‑s

Gloss: ‘giraffe’
Connotation
- Ending not implemented yet!
Ancestor: PWald *ōl‑khól‑as
Descendant
- OTroy ωλχολα‑ς /oːlˈxo͜ulas/

*pápūr‑os

Gloss: ‘papyrus (<i>Cyperus papyrus</i>)’
Descendants
- Koi πάπῡρ‑ος
- PWald *pháphūr‑as

*pāgnu‑mi

Gloss: ‘fasten, stiffen, build’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *peh₂g̑‑
Variant: nasal-infix present
Descendants
- Koi πηγνυ‑μι
- OTroy πᾱγμϝ‑αι /ˈbaːɰmvai/

*pā́n‑s

Gloss: ‘all, every’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *péh₂nt‑s
Descendants
- Koi πᾶ‑ς
- OTroy πᾱν /baːn/

*pī́pt‑ō

Gloss: ‘fall’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *peth₂‑
Variant: i-reduplicated thematic present
Descendant
- Koi πῑ́πτ‑ω

*psū́kh‑ō

Gloss: ‘blow’
Descendant
- Koi ψῡ́χ‑ω

*púrg‑os

Gloss: ‘tower, castle’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Cohyponymic transfer: obscure for familiar thing (pejorative)
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *bʰerg̑ʰ‑
Variant: Narten present
Irregularity: possibly (via Urartian or some other language)
Descendant
- Koi πύργ‑ος

*phér‑ō

Gloss: ‘carry, bear’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *bʰer‑
Variant: full-grade thematic present
Descendant
- OTroy φερ‑αι /ˈfe͜arai/

*phṓk‑ā

Gloss: ‘seal’
Descendant
- Koi φώκ‑η

*phulátt‑ō

Gloss: ‘watch, guard’
Descendant
- OTroy φυλαττ‑αι /fuˈlatai/

*qe

Gloss: ‘and’
Ancestor: PIE *kʷe
Descendant
- Koi τέ

*qétwores

Gloss: ‘four’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *kʷétu̯ores
Descendants
- Koi τέτταρες
- OTroy ϙετϝορες /kedˈvo͜ures/

*ql̥nḗ‑mi

Gloss: ‘turn (around)’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *kʷelh₁‑
Variant: nasal-infix present

*qúql‑os

Gloss: ‘wheel, circle’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *kʷékʷl‑os
Descendant
- Koi κύκλ‑ος

*q̌atileũ‑s

Gloss: ‘chief, king’
Descendant
- Koi βασιλεῦ‑ς

*q̌él‑os

Gloss: ‘missile, arrow’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gʷélh₁‑os
Descendant
- Koi βέλ‑ος

*q̌ĺ̥l‑ō

Gloss: ‘throw’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gʷelh₁‑
Variant: nasal-infix present
Descendants
- EHell *en‑q̌ĺ̥l‑ō
- Koi βάλλ‑ω

*q̌ólno‑mai

Gloss: ‘wish, will’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gʷelh₃‑
Variant: nasal-infix present
Descendant
- Koi βούλο‑μαι

*q̌omn‑ós

Gloss: ‘naked, bare’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *nogʷ‑n‑ós
Irregularity: metathesis
Descendant
- Koi γυμν‑ός

*qhasileũ‑s

Gloss: ‘chief, king’
Descendant
- OTroy ϲ̣ασιλευ‑ς /hʷaˈse͜ileus/

*qherm‑ós

Gloss: ‘warm’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *gʷʰer‑m‑ós
Descendant
- Koi θερμ‑ός

*sárkh‑ā

Gloss: ‘sugar’
Ancestor: PWald *šárkh‑a
Descendant
- OTroy σαρχ‑α /ˈsarxa/

*silkón‑on

Gloss: ‘soap’
Connotations
- Metonymy: sender for content (abstracting)
- Totum pro parte (weak whole)
Ancestor: OLem thilpkon‑
Variant: [neuter nominal]
Descendant
- Koi ἱλκόν‑ον

*sístā‑mi

Gloss: ‘stand [tr.]’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *steh₂‑
Variant: i-reduplicated athematic present
Descendant
- Koi ἵστη‑μι

*skhol‑ā́

Gloss: ‘leisure, rest’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *sg̑ʰ‑h̥₃l‑éh₂
Descendant
- Koi σχολ‑ή

*snaũ‑s

Gloss: ‘boat’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *snéh₂‑u‑s
Descendant
- Koi ναῦ‑ς

*staur‑ós

Gloss: ‘stake, pole’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *sth̥₂‑ur‑ós
Descendants
- Koi σταυρ‑ός
- OTroy σταυρ‑ος /ˈsdauros/

*stély‑ō

Gloss: ‘make ready, equip, send’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *stel‑
Variant: full-grade i̯e-present
Descendant
- Koi στέλλ‑ω

*stĺ̥n‑ā

Gloss: ‘pillar’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *stĺ̥‑n‑eh₂
Descendant
- Koi στήλ‑η

*swadú‑s

Gloss: ‘sweet’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *su̯éh₂d‑
Variant: u-stem adjective

*tápē‑s

Gloss: ‘carpet, rug’
Irregularity: probably from an Asian language
Descendants
- Koi τάπη‑ς
- OTroy ταπη‑ς /ˈda͜ubeːs/

*tékhn‑ā

Gloss: ‘craft, art’
Descendant
- Koi τέχν‑η

*tér‑mi

Gloss: ‘drill, rub’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *terh₁‑
Variant: root present
Descendant
- Koi τράμι‑ς

*tiā́r‑ā

Gloss: ‘tiara’
Descendant
- Koi τιᾱ́ρ‑ᾱ

*tiā́rā‑s

Gloss: ‘tiara’
Irregularity: from an Asian language
Descendant
- OTroy τιᾱρᾱ‑ς /dˈiaːraːs/

*tm̥n‑ō

Gloss: ‘cut’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *temh₁‑
Variant: nasal-infix present
Descendants
- EHell *én‑tom‑on
- Koi τέμν‑ω

*tpóli‑s

Gloss: ‘fortification’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *tpólh₁i‑s
Descendants
- Koi πόλι‑ς
- OTroy τπολι‑ς /ˈdbo͜ulis/

*túkh‑ā

Gloss: ‘luck, fortune’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Cohyponymic transfer: obscure for familiar thing (pejorative)
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *dʰeu̯gʰ‑
Variant: zero-grade root stative
Irregularity: nominalisation
Descendant
- Koi τύχ‑η

*túp‑os

Gloss: ‘impression, mark’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: EHell *túpt‑ō
Irregularity: nominalisation
Descendant
- Koi τύπ‑ος

*túpt‑ō

Gloss: ‘push, hit’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *teu̯p‑
Variant: zero-grade i̯é-present
Descendant
- EHell *túp‑os

*tū

Gloss: ‘you [singular]’
Connotation
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *tuh₂
Descendant
- OTroy τυ /du/

*thḗr

Gloss: ‘wild beast’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *g̑ʰu̯ér‑s
Descendant
- Koi θήρ

*thyā́mn̥

Gloss: ‘sign’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > South Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *dʰi̯éh₂‑mn̥
Descendant
- Koi σῆμα

*wē

Gloss: ‘or’
Ancestor: PIE *u̯ē
Descendant
- Koi ἤ

*wódr̥

Gloss: ‘water’
Connotations
- Or 1st mora stressed?
- Proto-Indo-European > Early Hellenic not finished yet!
Ancestor: PIE *u̯ódr̥
Descendant
- Koi ὕδωρ